منابع مشابه
The Flight of Birds
In a previous paper (Brown, 1948), the movements of the wing of a pigeon in slow flight were analysed. With the help of a new photographic technique further work on the flight movements at different forward velocities has been carried out. In this paper the analysis is extended with additional information obtained from normal cine-photography. Certain improvements and simplifications in the fla...
متن کاملThe flight of birds; the flapping cycle of the pigeon.
For many years there has been discussion on the details of the wing movements of birds in flight, and many attempts have been made to produce clear cinematograph records of the flapping cycle. Until recently no photographic system has combined a sufficiently short exposure with a rapid repetition rate and a reasonably large field of view. The development of the Arditron discharge tube has provi...
متن کاملAllometry of the Duration of Flight Feather Molt in Birds
We used allometric scaling to explain why the regular replacement of the primary flight feathers requires disproportionately more time for large birds. Primary growth rate scales to mass (M) as M(0.171), whereas the summed length of the primaries scales almost twice as fast (M(0.316)). The ratio of length (mm) to rate (mm/day), which would be the time needed to replace all the primaries one by ...
متن کاملOptic Flow Cues Guide Flight in Birds
Although considerable effort has been devoted to investigating how birds migrate over large distances, surprisingly little is known about how they tackle so successfully the moment-to-moment challenges of rapid flight through cluttered environments [1]. It has been suggested that birds detect and avoid obstacles [2] and control landing maneuvers [3-5] by using cues derived from the image motion...
متن کاملHovering and intermittent flight in birds.
Two styles of bird locomotion, hovering and intermittent flight, have great potential to inform future development of autonomous flying vehicles. Hummingbirds are the smallest flying vertebrates, and they are the only birds that can sustain hovering. Their ability to hover is due to their small size, high wingbeat frequency, relatively large margin of mass-specific power available for flight an...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Scientific American
سال: 1903
ISSN: 0036-8733
DOI: 10.1038/scientificamerican10101903-256